June - Words

JUNE THREAD - updated everyday

Make sure to do all words from April/May thread - am not posting words that had appeared in April/May and are already posted in the April/May thread

1. Glib - Marked by ease and fluency of speech or writing that often suggests or stems from insincerity, superficiality, or deceitfulness.
2. Gregarious - Seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable
3. Altruistic - Unselfish concern for the welfare of others; selflessness
4. Exacting - Making severe demands; rigorous; requiring great care, effort, or attention
5. Ensue - To follow as a consequence or result
6. Infirm - Not strong or stable; shaky; irresolute; feeble
7. Noxious - Harmful to the mind or morals; corrupting; injurious to health
8. Ensnare - To gain control of or an advantage over by or as if by trapping
9. Remiss - Exhibiting carelessness or slackness
10. Vivacious - Full of animation and spirit
11. Dire - Warning of or having dreadful or terrible consequences; calamitous
12. Cron - A time unit equal to 1000000 years; used in reference to evolutionary processes
13. Votary - One zealously devoted to a religion
14. Reek - To have or give off a foul odor; to smoke, steam, or fume; to be pervaded by something unpleasant
15. Germane - Related to the matter at hand; appropriate
16. Nocturnal - Of, relating to, or occurring in the night
17. Obfuscate - To render indistinct or dim; darken; to make so confused or opaque as to be difficult to perceive or understand
18. Discern - To perceive or recognize as being different or distinct; distinguish
19. Inconspicuous - Not readily noticeable
20. Croon - To sing softly or in a humming way
21. Accrue - Accumulate or increase; increasing by addition of growth, often financial
22. Imprudence - A lack of caution in practical affairs
23. Indelible - Indestructible
24. Quisling - A traitor who serves as the puppet of the enemy occupying his or her country
25. Termagant - A person, traditionally a woman, who persistently nags or criticizes
26. Wilt - Sag, fail; to become limp or flaccid
27. Bromide - A tiresome person; a bore; a commonplace remark or notion; a platitude
28. Proscribe - To denounce or condemn; to prohibit; forbid.
29. Haughtiness - Overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner toward inferiors; scornfully and condescendingly proud
30. Evanescent - Vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor
31. Fetid - Having an offensive odor; foul, rancid
32. Pariah - A social outcast; an untouchable
33. Tort - Law. damage, injury, or a wrongful act done willfully, negligently, or in circumstances involving strict liability, but not involving breach
34. Surly - bad tempered; unfriendly
35. Culpable - Deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil, improper, or injurious
36. Motley - Having elements of great variety or incongruity; heterogeneous
37. Coterie - A small, often select group of persons who associate with one another frequently
38. Protuberance - Something, such as a bulge, knob, or swelling, that protrudes. The condition of being protuberant
39. Perspicuity - The quality of being perspicuous; clearness and lucidity
40. Succinct - Characterized by clear, precise expression in few words; concise and terse
41. Digress- To turn aside, especially from the main subject in writing or speaking; stray
42. Aphorism - A brief statement of a principle; a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an adage
43. Eulogy - A laudatory speech or written tribute, especially one praising someone who has died; high praise or commendation
44. Fallacious - Tending to mislead; deceptive
45. Solemn - Deeply earnest, serious, and sober; gloomy; somber; performed with full ceremony; invoking the force of religion; sacred
46. Dissention - Difference of opinion; disagreement
47. Suture - The fine thread or other material used surgically to close a wound or join tissues; a seam used in surgery; thread of catgut or silk or wire used by surgeons to stitch tissues together; join with a suture, as of a wound in surgery
48. Sangfroid - A stable, calm state of the emotions
49. Humdrum - Lacking variety or excitement; dull; boring , dull; monotonous talk or routine.
50. Untenable - Incapable of being defended or justified
51. Inexpungeable - Not capable of being expunged
52. Expunged - To erase or strike out
53. Obliterate - To do away with completely so as to leave no trace
54. Happenstance - An unexpected random event
55. Charisma - The power or quality of attracting
56. Bore - One that is wearingly dull, repetitive, or tedious
57. Muster - To assemble, prepare, or put into operation, as for war or a similar emergency; a number of persons who have come or been gathered together
58. Crew - A group of people organized for a particular purpose; serve as a crew member on
59. Cord - To pile (wood) in cords; a line made of twisted fibers or threads
60. Polymorphous - Having, or assuming, a variety of forms, characters, or styles
61. Incontrovertible - Impossible to dispute; unquestionable
62. Pulchritude - Great physical beauty and appeal
63. Flounder - To make clumsy attempts to move or regain one's balance
64. Nugatory - Of little or no importance; trifling. having no force; invalid
65. Hull - Dry outer covering of a fruit or seed or nut; the frame or body of ship
66. Succinct - Marked by or consisting of few words that are carefully chosen; brief, to the point; briefly giving the gist of something
67. Diazepam - A tranquilizer (trade name Valium) used to relieve anxiety and relax muscles; acts by enhancing the inhibitory actions of the neurotransmitter GABA
68. Sagitta - A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere near Aquila and Vulpecula
69. Amity - Peaceful relations, as between nations; friendship
70. Decimate - To destroy or kill a large part of (a group)
71. Fecund - Capable of producing offspring or vegetation; fruitful. Marked by intellectual productivity
72. Tawdry - Gaudy and cheap in nature or appearance; cheap, tasteless
73. Marrow - The most central and material part; the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience
74. Cognizant - Fully informed; conscious
75. Fiasco - A complete failure
76. Folly - A lack of good sense, understanding, or foresight; an act or instance of foolishness: regretted the follies of his youth
77. Forage - Food for domestic animals; fodder. The act of looking or searching for food or provisions
78. Quart - A unit of volume or capacity in the US Customary System, used in liquid measure, equal to / 4 gallon or 32 ounces
79. Shuck - A husk, pod, or shell, as of a pea, hickory nut, or ear of corn. The shell of an oyster or clam
80. Green - Lacking training or experience
81. Furrow - A long shallow trench in the ground; make wrinkled or creased;
a deep wrinkle in the skin, as on the forehead
82. Trite - Lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition; hackneyed
83. Suture - The process of joining two surfaces or edges together along a line by or as if by sewing
84. Furor - A general commotion; public disorder or uproar. Violent anger; frenzy; a fashion adopted enthusiastically by the public; a fad
85. Castigate - To inflict severe punishment on; to criticize severely
86. Pique - A state of vexation caused by a perceived slight or indignity; a feeling of wounded pride
87. Sanctimonious - Excessively or hypocritically pious; feigning piety or righteousness; of or practicing hypocrisy
88. Evacuant - Of, relating to, or tending to eliminate; tending to cleanse or purge, especially causing evacuation of the bowels
89. Striate - Marked with striae; striped, grooved, or ridged; to mark with a line or band, as of different color or texture
90. Legerdemain - A show of skill or deceitful cleverness; the use of skillful tricks and deceptions to produce entertainingly baffling effects
91. Overture- An instrumental composition intended especially as an introduction to an extended work, such as an opera or oratorio
92. Opera - A theatrical presentation in which a dramatic performance is set to music; the score of such a work
93. Chasten - To castigate for the purpose of improving; to correct using punishment or suffering
94. Hirsute - Covered with hair; having a hairy covering
95. Chortle - To laugh quietly; a snorting, joyful laugh or chuckle
96. Topical - Of or belonging to a particular location or place; local; currently of interest; contemporary
97. Perfunctory - Hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough
98. Terrestrial - Earthly
99. Livestock - Domestic animals, such as cattle or horses, raised for home use or for profit, especially on a farm
100. Gall - The quality or state of feeling bitter; the state or quality of being impudent or arrogantly self-confident; to trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, especially by repeated vexations; nerve, brashness; upset, irritate
101. Frisky - Playful
102. Quatrain - A stanza or poem of four lines
103. Hubris - Overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance
104. Kudos - Acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement
105. Exodus - A departure from a place or country, especially of many people; act of leaving
106. Vulgaris - Being of the usual type; common
107. Frill - Something costly and unnecessary
108. Superficiality - Trivial; insignificant
109. Void - An empty space
110. Swath - A path or strip; the space created by the swing of a scythe or the cut of a mowing machine
111. Haughty - Scornfully and condescendingly proud; arrogant
112. Vaporous - Extravagantly fanciful; high-flown; so light and insubstantial as to resemble air or a thin film
113. Saga - Epic tale, long story; a long detailed report
114. Sagittal - Of or relating to the suture uniting the two parietal bones of the skull;
115. Eyesore - Something, such as a distressed building, that is unpleasant or offensive to view
116. Vim - Ebullient vitality and energy; an imaginative lively style
117. Formulaic - Being of no special quality or type
118. Budge - To move very slightly; overformal; pompous
119. Superfluity - Overabundance; excess
120. Pelf - Wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired
121. Impecunious - Lacking money; penniless
122. Confinement - Imprisonment; restriction
123. Rostrum - A stage or raised platform for public speaking
124. Denude - To divest of covering; make bare
125. Stultify - Deprive of strength or efficiency; make useless or worthless; cause to appear foolish; prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence
126. Faradic - Of, relating to, or using an intermittent asymmetrical alternating electric current produced by an induction coil
127. Martinet - A strict disciplinarian, especially in the armed forces; one who demands absolute adherence to forms and rules
128. Vulgar - Common, general; rude, offensive
129. Aesthetic - Showing good taste
130. Cistern - A receptacle for holding water or other liquid, especially a tank for catching and storing rainwater
131. Wanton - Careless; cruel, malicious
132. Grovel - To support slavishly every opinion or suggestion of a superior; to behave in a servile or demeaning manner
133. Shoal - A shallow part of a body of water: shallow; measuring little from bottom to top or surface
134. Sylvan - Relating to or characteristic of woods or forest regions; abounding in trees; wooded

ANALOGIES

1) refridgerator:food
2) fan:cable
3) schedule:time
4) splurge:money
5) peripheral:edge
6) church:state - Ans must be B
A.confusion:adaption
B.priest:officer
C.time:minutes
D.team player
E.breeze:sunshine
7) needle : sew - Ans must be D
A.pencil:papaer
B.radio:electricity
C.picture :color
D.towel:dry
E.book:cover
8) tag:identity
9) car:wheel
10) careless:punctual
11) theatre:play
12) pariah:ostracize
13) vindicated:blame
14) culpable:condemnation
15) coterie:intimates
16) schedule:time
17) bulge:protuberance
18) resignation:office
19) attentive:officious - Ans must be refine:snobbish
20) barrage: explosives - Ans must be B
A.cacophony :sound
B.deluge:rain is the answer
C.vista:signs
D.grenade:bombs
E.volcano:lava
21) ruffle:shirt - Ans must be B
A.rafter:roof
B.molding:cabinet
C.gate:path
D.curb:sidewalk
E.shade:window
22) ineradicable:eliminate
23) vaccinate:disease
24) untenable:defend
25) charisma:bore
26) muster:crew
27) incontrovertible:dispute
28) carefree:responsibilities
29) beckon:hand
30) matter:hardness
31) arrogant:defer
32) experience:green
33) date:calender
34) overture:opera
35) striate:grooved
36) magician:legerdemain
37) chasten:humbled
38) knot:solve
39) chortle:glee
40) perfunctory:depth
41) topical:currency
42) fence:livestock
43) terrestrial:earth
44) lock:secure
45) frilll:superfluity
46)saga:poem
47) vivid:intensify
48) infinite:measure
49) judge:laws
50) pelf:impecunious
51) cell:confinement
52) cistern:liquids

ISSUE TOPICS

1. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time
2. The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.
3. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
4. Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future
5. While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation
6. Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators
7. Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct
8. It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician
9. In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership
10. In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motivated not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority
11. For the growth of professions and academic fields imagination is more important than knowledge
11. The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people
12. Some educational systems emphasize the development of student's capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions

ARGUMENT TOPICS

1. In a study of reading habits of Leeville citizens conducted by the University of Leeville, most respondents said they preferred literary classics as reading material. However, a follow-up study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Leeville was the mystery novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits.

2. The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Clearview newspaper.
"In the next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good Earth Coalition, rather than for Frank Braun, a member of the Clearview town council, because the current members are not protecting our environment. For example, during the past year the number of factories in Clearview has doubled, air pollution levels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respiratory illnesses. If we elect Ann Green, the environmental problems in Clearview will certainly be solved."

3. The following appeared as an editorial in a wildlife journal."Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arctic region. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of a year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed, and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the decline in arctic deer populations is the result of deer being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea."

4. The following appeared as an editorial in a local newspaper.
"In order to attract visitors to Central Plaza downtown and to return the plaza to its former glory, the city should prohibit skateboarding there and instead allow skateboarders to use an area in Monroe Park. At Central Plaza, skateboard users are about the only people one sees now, and litter and defaced property have made the plaza unattractive. In a recent survey of downtown merchants, the majority supported a prohibition on skateboarding in the plaza. Clearly, banning skateboarding in Central Plaza will make the area a place where people can congregate for fun or for relaxation."

5. As people grow older, an enzyme known as PEP increasingly breaks down the neuropeptide chemicals involved in learning and memory. But now, researchers have found compounds that prevent PEP from breaking neuropeptides apart. In tests, these compounds almost completely restored lost memory in rats. The use of these compounds should be extended to students who have poor memory and difficulty in concentrating — and therefore serious problems in school performance. Science finally has a solution for problems neither parents nor teachers could solve.

6. The following is a memorandum from the sales director to the president of the Healthy-and-Good food company.
"A recent study indicates that Venadial, a new margarine currently produced only in the country of Alta, actually reduces cholesterol levels. Derived from the resin of pine trees, Venadial works by activating a metabolic response that is not yet well understood. However, cholesterol levels fell ten to fifteen percent among participants in the study who consumed Venadial daily, and the risk of heart attack by one-third. In addition, the new margarine is so popular that stores in Alta are unable to keep it on their shelves. Therefore, if our company obtains the exclusive right to sell Venadial internationally, our profits are sure to increase substantially within a very short time."

7. Recent study shows that people living on the continent of North America suffer 9 times more chronic fatigue and 31 times more chronic depression than do people living on the continent of Asia. Interestingly, Asians, on average, eat 20 grams of soy per day, whereas North Americans eat virtually none. It turns out that soy contains phytochemicals called isoflavones, which have been found to possess disease-preventing properties. Thus, North Americans should consider eating soy on a regular basis as a way of preventing fatigue and depression.

8. Due to the declining profits we have to reduce the operating expenses of the ten rental vedio stores we have. We have to not increase the profits because we are famous for special bargains. By reducing the operating hours..is a good idea. Last month our vedio-store in downtown have reduced the working time to 6:pm rather than 9:pm which is our usual time. It ha also reduced the inventory by excluding the stock two years from now. So, we have to do the same..for all the rental stores

9. The following is a letter from an editor at Liber Publishing Company to the company's president.
"In recent years, Liber has unfortunately moved away from its original mission: to publish the works of regional small-town authors instead of those of big-city authors. Just last year, 90 percent of the novels we published were written by authors who maintain a residence in a big city. Although this change must have been intended to increase profits, it has obviously backfired, because Liber is now in serious financial trouble. The only way to address this problem is to return to our original mission. If we return to publishing only the works of regional small-town authors, our financial troubles will soon be resolved"

Analogies 66 - 70

66). DUPLICATE:ALTER

(A) greet:ignore
(B) exchange:return
(C) shake:stabilize
(D) stretch:shrink
(E) eradicate:implicate

67). FIRE:STORM

(A) whale:minnow
(B) speech:shout
(C) plant:flower
(D) wind:temperature
(E) tornado:hurricane

68). PRESERVE:MORATORIUM

(A) tyrannize:revolt
(B) shade:tree
(C) solve:problem
(D) accumulate:collection
(E) cover:eclipse

69). ACQUIESCENT:CHANGE

(A) irresistible:defy
(B) surmountable:overcome
(C) tolerant:bother
(D) secluded:build
(E) redundant:abridge

70). EXCRUTIATE:PAIN

(A) marvel:sight
(B) season:storm
(C) enrapture:pleasure
(D) consecrate:place
(E) channel:flood


Answers:

66) OA - D. X and Y are antonyms ( where Y is not a positive word)
Duplicate - Identically copied from an original
Alter - To change or make different
Shrink - To reduce in size, as by drawing together
Stretch - To become lengthened, widened, or distended

67). OA - E - X,Y are synonyms or X is a type of Y - Both the stem words are destructing.
Fire - The discharge of firearms or artillery
Storm - A heavy shower of objects, such as bullets or missiles
Tornado - A whirlwind or hurricane

68) A moratorium is an official halt or cessation of an activity. One possible purpose, or use, of a moratorium is to preserve (for instance, to preserve an endangered animal species). Similarly, one possible use of a tree is to shade. The second answer choice is the best response.

69) Choice (A) is the opposite of the correct bridge - something that is irresistible cannot be defied. Neither tolerant and bother, in Choice (B), nor secluded and build , in Choice (D) have an ostensible link. Finally, in Choice (E) something that is redundant may or may not be capable of being abridged.

70) OA - C - X is extreme Y

Analogies 61 - 65

61). SUBSIDY:SUPPORT::

(A) assistance:endowment
(B) funds:fellowship
(C) credit:payment
(D) debt:obligation
(E) loan:note

62). SNOW:PRECIPITATION

(A) lava:volcano
(B) hurrican:cyclone
(C) desert:drought
(D) seed:germination
(E) temperature:season

63). MARATHON:STAMINA

(A) relay:independence
(B) hurdle:perseverance
(C) sprint:celerity
(D) jog:weariness
(E) ramble:directness

64). MOCK:IMITATE

(A) satirize:charm
(B) condense:summarize
(C) placate:assuage
(D) adapt:duplicate
(E) taunt:challenge

65). ILLUSION:PERCEPTION

(A) lapse:miscalculation
(B) justice:impartiality
(C) cunning:truth
(D) gaffe:judgement
(E) forcefulness:coercion


Answers:

61). OA - D - X is a kind of Y in form of money

62). OA - B - X is extreme form of Y
Hurricane - A severe tropical cyclone
Snow - Very dense precipitation; a frozen precipitation

63). OA - C - X is characterized by that which requires Y to win
Sprint - To move rapidly or at top speed for a brief period, as in running or swimming
Celerity - Rapidness of movement or activity

64). OA - E - X is to Y in a ridicule manner

65). OA - D - X is wrong Y
Illusion is wrong perception.
Gaffe is wrong judgement.

May - Words and Questions

MAY THREAD - updated everyday

1. Mitigate - diminish
2. Barefaced - shameless
3. Renounce - abandon
4. Naive - childlike
5. Heed - care
6. Indelible - indestructible
7. Destitute - wanting
8. Adolescent - immature
9. Refute - discredit
10. Banal - commonplace
11. Surly - gruff; bad-tempered and unfriendly
12. Ennui - feeling of listlessness, boredom, and dissatifaction
13. Meteoric - sudden
14. Awe - feeling of great respect mixed with fear; amazement
15. Commensurate - equivalent
16. Inhibit - restrict
17. Ad-lib - an unprepared remark or speech; improvised
18. Impromptu - unrehearsed
19. Palpable - obvious
20. Augmentation - improving
21. Dissension - conflict
22. Lax - slack; relaxed
23. Coy - modest
24. Indigenous - native
25. Garrulous - talkative
26. Reserved - silent; aloof
27. Onerous - difficult
28. Palpitate - beat
29. Cumbersome - awkward
30. Solitary - alone
31. Cogent - effective
32. Vivacious - lively
33. Remiss - careless
34. Daunt - frighten
35. Boastful - bombastic
36. Ream - 500 sheets of paper
37. Ladle - a long-handled spoon with a deep bowl for serving soup, stew etc
38. Nocturnal - done or active at night
39. Ostracize - exclude someone from a society or group
40. Augmentation - increase the value or amount of
41. Knack - skill at performing a task
42. Perplexity - a puzzling situation or thing
43. Callous - insensitive and cruel
44. Disinclined - reluctant; unwilling
45. Speculative - risky; based on guesswork rather than knowledge
46. Amnesia - loss of memory
47. Solemn - formal and dignified; deeply sincere
48. Hoard - a store of mony, valued objects or useful information
49. Dire - extremely serious urgent
50. Dart - a sudden rapid movement; a small light pointed missile
51. Splurge - large or excessive amount
52. Boor - rough and bad mannered person
53. Remiss - not paying proper attention to duty
54. Ensnare - keep someone in a situation from which they canot escape
55. Eclectic - taking ideas from a wide range of sources
56.Torpor - state of being inactive and having no energy
57. Obituary - published notice of death, sometimes with brief biography of deceased.
58. Beckon - seem appealing
59. Recalcitrant - disobedient
60. Revisionist - disapprove the changing of accepted theories
61. Didactic - intended to teach or give moral instruction
62. Reclusive - hermit or a loner; withdrawn from society; seeking solitude, providing privacy or seclusion
63. Heretic - a person guilty of going against traditional religious teachings
64. Lassitude - lack of energy
65. Rectitude - orally correct behaviour
66. Bigotry - a prejudiced and intolerant person
67. Furrow - a long narrow trench; a deep wrinkle on person's face
68. Lambaste - critiize someone harshly
69. Vociferous - vehement or loud
70. Peevish - irritable
71. Manumission - the formal act of freeing from slavery
72. Cameo - to make into or like a gem or shell carved in relief; to portray in sharp, delicate relief, as in a literary composition
73. Ensue - to follow as a consequence or result
74. Ephemeral - lasting for a markedly brief time
75. Hedonism - pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the pleasures of the senses
76. Knoll - a small rounded hill or mound; a hillock
77. Pusillanimous - lacking courage; cowardly
78. Green - means learning, growth and harmony
79. Belligerent - inclined or eager to fight; hostile or aggressive; of, pertaining to, or engaged in warfare.
80. Frugality - careful use of material resources
81. Noxious - injurious to physical or mental health; deadly, injurious
82. Eyesore - something, such as a distressed building, that is unpleasant or offensive to view; mess, ugliness
83. Plausible - seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; credible
84. Transitory - existing or lasting only a short time; short-lived or temporary
85. Maverick - one that refuses to abide by the dictates of or resists adherence to a group; a dissenter; radical
86. Sybarite - a person addicted to luxury and pleasures of the senses
87. Agog - full of keen anticipation or excitement; eager
88. Evanescent - lasting or existing only for a short time;
89. Assuage - soothe, relieve
90. Circuitous - going around, indirect, long
91. Spurn - to reject disdainfully or contemptuously; scorn
92. Hindsight - perception of the significance and nature of events after they have occurred; the rear sight of a firearm
93. Chortle - a snorting, joyful laugh or chuckle
94. Glee - jubilant delight; joy
95. Gauche - lacking social polish; tactless
96. Lax - lacking in strength or firmness or resilience
97. Incipient - beginning to exist or appear
98. Incorrigible - incapable of being corrected or reformed
99. Offhand - without preparation or forethought; extemporaneously
100. Disputation - the act of disputing; debate. An academic exercise consisting of a formal debate or an oral defense of a thesis.
101. Metamorphose - to change into a wholly different form or appearance; transform
102. Rapport - relationship or communication
103. Exorcise - drive an evil spirit from a person or place
104. Invigoration - give strength
105. Obviate - to make unnecessary
106. Hapless - deserving or inciting pity; unfortunate
107. Protean - variable
108. Substantiate - to support with proof or evidence; verify
109. Talon - the claw of a bird of prey
110. Consensus - an opinion or position reached by a group as a whole
111. Slothful - disinclined to work or exertion; lazy
112. Perturbable - to disturb greatly; make uneasy or anxious; to throw into great confusion
113. Floppy - tending to flop; loose and flexible
114. Folly - a lack of good sense, understanding, or foresight
115. Eamark - to set aside or apart for a specified purpose; an identifying feature or characteristic; reserve
116. Convergence - the act, condition, quality, or fact of converging
117. Incontrovertible - impossible to dispute; unquestionable
118. Blurt - to utter suddenly and impulsively
119. Sangfroid - coolness and composure, especially in trying circumstances
120. Moxie - the ability to face difficulty with spirit and courage; aggressive energy
121. Tintinnabulation- the ringing or sounding of bells
122. Skein - a length of thread or yarn wound in a loose long coil; a flock of geese or similar birds in flight
123. Grimace - a sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain, contempt, or disgust
124. Manna - hardened sugary exudation of various trees; food that God gave the Israelites during the exodus
125. Knot - an exceedingly complicated problem or deadlock
126. Disillusion - to free or deprive of illusion
127. Disgruntle - to make discontented
128. Indispensable - essential
129. Splurge - to indulge in an extravagant expense or luxury
130. Gorge - the seam on the front of a coat or jacket where the lapel and the collar are joined
131. Stentorian - extremely loud
132. Vapid - lacking liveliness, animation, or interest; dull
133. Halcyon - calm and peaceful; tranquil; prosperous; golden; serene
134. Sojourn - to reside temporarily; temporary residence
135. Bilious - suffering from or suggesting a liver disorder or gastric distress; not in good physical or mental health
136. Vicissitude - a change or variation. The quality of being changeable; mutability
137. Genuflect - to bend the knee or touch one knee to the floor or ground, as in worship; to be servilely respectful or deferential; grovel
138. Jocund - sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or quality
139. Enliven - to make lively or spirited; animate
140. Polymorphous - having, or occurring in, several distinct forms
141. Purism - strict observance of or insistence on traditional correctness, especially of language
142. Befitting - appropriate; suitable; proper
143. Japery - acting like a clown or buffoon; a trick or practical joke
144. Overwrought - excessively nervous or excited; agitated; extremely elaborate or ornate; overdone
145. Dolorous - marked by or exhibiting sorrow, grief, or pain
146. Nostrum - medicine whose effectiveness is unproved and whose ingredients are usually secret; a quack remedy.
147. Panacea - a remedy for all diseases, evils, or difficulties; a cure-all
148. Ensue - to follow as a consequence or result
149. Tort - damage, injury, or a wrongful act done willfully, negligently, or in circumstances involving strict liability, but not involving breach.
150. Pettifogger - a petty, quibbling, unscrupulous lawyer. One who quibbles over trivia
151. Tessellated - decorated with small pieces of colored glass or stone fitted together; "a mosaic floor";having a checkered or mottled appearance
152. Slatternly - slovenly; untidy
153. Muckrake - to search for and expose misconduct in public life.
154. Mordant - bitingly sarcastic
155. Moribund - approaching death; about to die. On the verge of becoming obsolete
156. Francophile - a person who admires France, its people, or its culture
157. Wane - to decrease gradually in size, amount, intensity, or degree; decline.
158. Protean - readily taking on varied shapes, forms, or meanings. Exhibiting considerable variety or diversity
159. Saturnine - melancholy or sullen; gloomy
160. Foursquare - characterized by firm and unwavering conviction; a plane rectangle with four equal sides and four right angles; a four-sided regular polygon
161. Pert - trim and stylish in appearance; jaunty; impudently bold; saucy; high-spirited; vivacious
162. Enfeoff - to invest with a feudal estate or fee
163. Slattern - an untidy, dirty woman
164. Ineluctable - impossible to avoid or evade
165. Malfeasance - misconduct or wrongdoing, especially by a public official
166. Financier - one who is occupied with or expert in large-scale financial affairs
167. Exhume - to remove from a grave; disinter. To bring to light, especially after a period of obscurity.
168. Vilify - to make vicious and defamatory statements about
169. Veto - to forbid or prohibit authoritatively; refusal of permission
170. Malcontent - a chronically dissatisfied person; one who rebels against the established system; discontented as toward authority
171. Incontrovertible - impossible to dispute; unquestionable; beyond dispute
172. Disputable - open to dispute; debatable; open to discussion
173. Knaw (Gnaw) - bite or chew on with the teeth; become ground down or deteriorate; to afflict or worry persistently; to cause persistent worry or pain
174. Nugatory - of little or no importance; trifling; having no force; invalid; Contemptibly unimportant
175. Slake - to satisfy (a craving); quench; to lessen the force or activity of; moderate; to cool or refresh by wetting or moistening; to combine (lime) chemically with water or moist air; make less active or intense
176. Hull - the dry outer covering of a fruit, seed, or nut; a husk; the outer casing of a rocket, guided missile, or spaceship; the frame or body of a ship, exclusive of masts, engines, or superstructure
177. Formulaic - characterized by or in accordance with some formula; being of no special quality or type; average
178. Circumspect - heedful of circumstances and potential consequences; prudent; trying attentively to avoid danger, risk, or error; cautious, discreet; showing watchfulness, caution, or careful consideration
179. Lofty - of imposing height; elevated in character; exalted; arrogant; haughty; affecting grandness; pompous; exceedingly dignified in form, tone, or style; of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style


ANALOGIES

1) ream:paper
2) perfectioninst:patience
3) debris:blast - ans - soot:ash
4) soup:ladle - ans - mug:pour
5) ad-lib:impromptu
6) bread:oven
7) malcontent:dissatisfaction
8) ostracize:group
9) melodious:sound
10) vaccinate:disease - ans - anesthatize:sensation
11) anesthetic:sensation
12) cameo:sculpture
13) experience:green
14) beckon:hand
15) reinforcement:destroy
16) dampen:sound - ans - dull:lighit
17) move:dart
18) visa:country
19) chortle:glee
20) gauche:tactful
21) hawk:talon
22) script:director
23) resignation:office
24) sangfroid:perturbable
25) buoyancy:float
26) arrogant:defer
27) pliant:flexible
28) cast:actor
29) earmark:funds
30) utter:blurt
31) grin:grimace
32) assign:official
33) pinch:quantity
34) matter:hardness
35) knot:solve
36) disillusion:belief
37) disgruntle:satisfaction
38) superfluous:indispensable
39) arrogant:defer
40) melodious:hear
41) event:memories
42) saturate:moist
43) splurge:spend
44) gorge:coat
45) coagulant:thicken
46) generator:electricity
47) audible:stentorian
48) ineluctable:avoid
49) expose:malfeasence
50) tag:identify
51) inalienable:surrender
52) carefree:responsibilities
53) schedule:time
54) financier:funds
55) veto:prevent
56) incontrovertable:disputable
57) advisory:warn
58) corn:husk
59) insatiable:slake
60) indict:accuse
61) nugatory:worth
62) saturate:moisture
63) freckles:skin




ISSUE TOPICS

1. Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are
2. Public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Today’s new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values of today’s society.
3. Politicians should be honest and possess moral and ethical values to be an effective leader.
4. In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
5. Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work
6. Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem
7. Childern should be socialized to determine the destiny of a country.But,we ourselves do not know how to socialize them.
8. Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively
9. Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated
10. History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today
11. Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions
12. Absence of choice is a circumstancewhich is very very rare
13. Character of a society can be studied by studying the character of the leaders
14. Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively
15. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently comitted to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced byshifts in popular opinion will accomplish little
16. What the society thinks to be its greatest political and social achievements rather reflects the discontent


ARGUMENT TOPICS

1. The following is a memorandum written by the director of personnel to the president of the Cedar Corporation.

"It would be a mistake to rehire the Good-Taste Company to supply the food in our employee cafeteria next year. It is the second most expensive caterer in the city. In addition, its prices have risen in each of the last three years, and it refuses to provide meals for people on special diets. Just last month three employees complained to me that they no longer eat in the cafeteria because they find the experience 'unbearable.' Our company should instead hire Discount Foods. Discount is a family-owned local company and it offers a varied menu of fish and poultry. I recently tasted a sample lunch at one of the many companies that Discount serves and it was delicious — an indication that hiring Discount will lead to improved employee satisfaction."

2. The following appeared in a memo from a budget planner in Sophia County.

"Census data indicate that the number of retired couples without children who are moving into Sophia County is steadily rising; private schools in our county report substantial increases in enrollment; and a statewide survey of parents shows that over 10 percent now support the idea of home schooling instead of public schooling funded by the county government. Such demographic trends suggest that our county will not have to construct new school buildings and that we can therefore decrease the budget for county-funded public schools."

3. The following appeared in a memo from the owner of Green Thumb Gardening Center, a small business serving a suburban town.

"There is evidence that consumers are becoming more and more interested in growing their own vegetables. A national survey conducted last month indicated that many consumers were dissatisfied with the quality of fresh vegetables available in supermarkets. And locally, the gardening magazine GreatGardens has sold out at the Village News stand three months in a row. Thus, we at Green Thumb Gardening Center can increase our profits by greatly expanding the variety of vegetable seeds we stock for gardeners this coming spring."

GRE - April words

APRIL WORDS - updated every day

1. Sybarite
2. Agog - highly excited
3. Piquancy
4. Demurral
5. Pomp - splendid display,splendor ,Cheap or pretentious or vain display, Ceremonial elegance and splendor; Syn - gaudery
6. Zealot - excessive enthusiasm or u can say excessive zeal; or fanatic
7. Audacious - daring ;bold
8. Erudite - learned person;or knowledgeable person
9. Contentious - quarrelsome
10. Unction - anointing with oil in a religious fashion sanction; Excessive but superficial compliments given with affected charm, Smug self-serving earnestness; Syn - balm, ointment,approval by custom or tradition-penalty for disobeying law
11. Boor
12. Caucus
13. Pugnacious
14. Augury
15. Reculsive - hermit or a loner; withdrawn from society; seeking solitude, providing privacy or seclusion
16. Prostrate - render helpless or defenseless
17. Tactile - of the sense touch; of or relating to or proceeding from the sense of touch, Producing a sensation of touch
18. Contrite - feeling or expressing pain or sorrow for sins or offenses, Feeling regret for a fault or offence
19. Tandem - an arrangement of two or more objects or persons one behind another, A bicycle with two sets of pedals and two seats
20. Rhapsodize - to express oneself in an immoderately enthusiastic manner.
21. Overtly - in an overt manner,overt; Open and observable; not secret or hidden; Syn - open
22. Alacrity
23. Tactic - a plan for attaining a particular goal; Syn - maneuver
24. Rebel - a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions), Someone who exhibits great independence in thought and action; Syn - arise, maverick
25. Innocuos - harmless
26. Demigrade
27. Exactness - very accurate or demanding
28. Compliance - obliging
29. Profligate
30. Extol
31. Penitent
32. Vigorate
33. Unsubstantial
34. Truculent
35. Infallible
36. Stalwart
37. Disavowal
38. Oblivious
39. Dandy
40. Complaisant
41. Preeminence
42. Aggrandize
43. Slipshot
44. Bauble - a toy or showy worthless trinket
45. Disavowing - disclaim knowledge for or responsiblity
46. Avarice
47. Pusillanimous - cowardly
48. Secular - not concerned with religion; Someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person
49. Grateful - Feeling or showing gratitude, affording comfort or pleasure
50. Disabuse - free from a mistaken idea
51. Deluge
52. Obstinacy - stubborn; firm about opinion
53. Rescind - abrogate,revoke or cancel; annul by recalling or rescinding
54. Fertile - relating to soil or abundant; capable of reproducing, intellectually productive, bearing in abundance especially offspring; Syn - prolific, fecund
55. Metamorphisis - in a changing state
56. Exacerbate - worse
57. Amalgamation - unite
58. Aver - state confidently
59. Prevaricate - misleading or equivoacte
60. Synopsis - summary or outline
61. Fiasco - complete failure or breakdown; a sudden and violent collapse
62. Tenacity - firmness or persistence
63. Impertinent - insolent,disrespectful
64. Nave - central part of the church
65. Dab - a light touch or stroke, a small quantity of something moist or liquid;Antonyms: glob, mass
66. Rapport - relationship or communication
67. Disalliviate
68. Rebel
69. Elf - below 3 kilohertz; Synonym - extremely low frequency. Extremely Low Frequency) Electromagnetic radiation in the 30 to 300 Hz range. Electric power lines and electrical appliances emit radiation in this range. See low radiation.
Antonym would be HIGH
70. Exacerbatae - Meaning #1: make worse - Synonyms: worsen, aggravate, exasperate Meaning #2: exasperate or irritate - Synonyms: exasperate, aggra; Antonyms - aid, calm, comfort, help, soothe
71. Allure
72. Obtain
73. Cascade
74. Vitriolic - similar to as in "tarnishing an image"
75. Flagging - drooping
76. Bland - was in one of the options and not the right option]
77. Unscrupulous
78. Ameliorate
79. Secular - Someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person; Syn -layman, profane
80. Eradicate - Kill in large numbers, Destroy completely; Syn - annihilate, eliminate, extirpate
81. Rash - A series of unexpected and unpleasant occurrences, Imprudently incurring risk; Syn - blizzard, foolhardy, reckless, heady
82. Contentious - Inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits, Involving or likely to cause controversy; Syn - combative, disputatious, disputative
83. Sanction - Formal and explicit approval, Official permission or approval, The act of final authorization; Syn - approve, authorization, endorsement
84. Parsimonious - Excessively unwilling to spend; Syn - penurious
85. Mneumonic
86. Prosaic - dull, unimaginative
87. Labyrinth
88. Remiss
89. Garrulous
90. Trail
91. Palter
92. Hubris
93. Discommode
94. Vim
95. Strut
96. Entrench
97. Drudgery
98. Cower
99. Mendacious
100. Tantamount
101. Deftness
102. Favor
103. Mulish - Stubborn and intractable; recalcitrant; unreasonably rigid in the face of argument or entreaty or attack
104. Gall
105. Laze
106. Inveigle
107. Recondite
108. Martial
109. Pacific
110. Abstruse
111. Lionize
112. Callous
113. Lethargic
114. Pugnacious
115. Mendacious
116. Digression
117. Erratic
118. Unbriddler
119. Torpor
120. Imbue
121. Lassitude
122. Xerophagy - dry eating or fasting
123. Rebuff - unkind refusal or rejection; snub
124. Tawdry - showy or gaudy but without real value
125. Plague
126. Averse
127. Captitulate
128. Balky
129. Dauntless - bold
130. Obsequious - servile, slavish
131. Sinecure
132. Gaffe
133. Repose
134. Supercillious
135. Grave
136. Coherence
137. Disjointed


ANALOGIES:

1. lost:location
2. naive:guile
3. critise:libel
4. testy:annoy
5. tireless:fatigued
6. burqueness:tactful
7. rent:apartment
8. glacial:snow
9. garrulous:tacit
10. glasses:see :: cane:walk
11. hasty:tardy
12. fretork::ornamentation
13. lessen:eliminate
14. game:stadium
15. carpenter:craft
16. spectacles:see
17. meander:river
18. stick:walk
19. glove:feel
20. heal:ill
21. freeze:fixed
22. game:playground
23. culpable:confession
24. lessen:eradicate
25. badge:sherrif
26. seal:signatory
27. driver:license
28. manufacturer:trademark
29. cloth:ragged
30. renold:shape
31. blandishment:coax::equivocate:mislead
32. trenchant:insipid
33. aphoristic:terse
34. freeze:fixed::soil:unclean
35. naive:guile
36. ungovernable:manage
37. heaven:dangerous
38. agile:movement
39.

ISSUE TOPICS:

1. Do people place too much emphasis on role models.
2. Nonmainstream areas like future - teling, physo,..is playing a vital role in satisfying human needs that is done by mainstream sciences.
3. Rituals and ceremonies define culture. people lacking these have a difficulty in identifying themselves.
4. About laws..there are two types of laws just and unjust, depends on us which one we adhere to.
5. Prizes like Nobel and Academy do more harm than good in appreciating the individual performance.
6. Greatness of people can be appreciated only by people who live after them, and not contemporaries.
7. Television should show government at work. It should focus on the debates, trials and meetings regarding the issues of the society. This kind of forecasting live government proceedings will benefit the people
8. Criterion for giving priority to any research should be that it should be for masses
9. Purpose of education is to free the mind and souls or to restrain them
10. Law should not be rigid. Laws should be flexible as per circumstances.
11. Art has got more impact in creating values of society rather than criticism
12. Human mind is more superior than the machines
13. Tradition and modernization are incompatible.
14. We have been taught that loyalty is virtue- but mostly it is destructive rather than being a positive force.
15. It is sometimes necessary, even desirable for political leaders to withhold information from the public
16. When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?
17. Children of today are responsible for the destiny of society.
18. In today's new and complex world , an understanding of the past is of little value.
19. In order to improve the quality of instruction at the collegeand university level, all faculty should be required to spendtime working outside the academic world in professionsrelevant to the courses they teach
20. Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals
21. Students must have certain skepticism about what they study.They must question what they are learning and must not accept it passively
22. An individual is identified with the social group to which he belongs


RC PASSAGES - from Big book that appeared on the exam

Passage - 1

No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a
liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth
with rising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the con-tinents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they
were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by
temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a back-coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it,could produce complicated and varying motions.On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines. and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. This plate is growing on both sides, and since there is no intermediate trench, the two ridges must be moving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pace with them. An alternative theory is that the sinking part of the plate, which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle, pulls the rest of the
plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the South Atlantic, where
neither the African nor the American plate has a
sinking part.Another possibility is that sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces con-vection currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas, such as the Sea of Japan. These seas have a typical oceanic floor,except that the floor is overlaid by several kilo-meters of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material
on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins. The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth's surface, and seriously require explanation in because, addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs, there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and perhaps the North Sea.

1. According to the traditional view of the origin of the ocean basins, which of the following is sufficient to move the continental plates?
(A) Increases in sedimentation on ocean floors
(B) Spreading of ocean trenches
(C) Movement of mid-ocean ridges
(D) Sinking of ocean basins
(E) Differences in temperature under oceans and continents
ANS - E
2. It can be inferred from the passage that, of the following, them deepest sediments would be found in the
(A) Indian Ocean
(B) Black Sea
(C) Mid-Atlantic
(D) South Atlantic
(E) Pacific
ANS - B
3. The author refers to a "conveyor belt " in line 13 in order to
(A) illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle
(B) show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continents
(C) demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
(D) describe the complicated motions made possible by back-coupling
(E) account for the rising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges
ANS - A

Passage - 2

RC Passage - Passage 1
The use of heat pumps has been held back
largely by skepticism about advertisers' claims that
heat pumps can provide as many as two units of
thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy
(5) used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of
energy conservation.
Heat pumps circulate a fluid refrigerant that
cycles alternatively from its liquid phase to its
vapor phase in a closed loop. The refrigerant,
(10) starting as a low-temperature, low-pressure vapor,
enters a compressor driven by an electric motor.
The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a hot,
dense vapor and flows through a heat exchanger
called the condenser, which transfers heat from the
(15) refrigerant to a body of air. Now the refrigerant,
as a high-pressure, cooled liquid, confronts a flow
restriction which causes the pressure to drop. As
the pressure falls, the refrigerant expands and par-
tially vaporizes, becoming chilled. It then passes
(20) through a second heat exchanger, the evaporator,
which transfers heat from the air to the refrigerant,
reducing the temperature of this second body of
air. Of the two heat exchangers, one is located
inside, and the other one outside the house, so
(25) each is in contact with a different body of air:
room air and outside air, respectively.
The flow direction of refrigerant through a heat
pump is controlled by valves. When the refrigerant
flow is reversed, the heat exchangers switch func-
(30) tion. This flow-reversal capability allows heat
pumps either to heat or cool room air.
Now, if under certain conditions a heat pump
puts out more thermal energy than it consumes in
electrical energy, has the law of energy conserva-
(35) tion been challenged? No, not even remotely: the
additional input of thermal energy into the circu-
lating refrigerant via the evaporator accounts for
the difference in the energy equation.
Unfortunately, there is one real problem. The
(40) heating capacity of a heat pump decreases as the
outdoor temperature falls. The drop in capacity is
caused by the lessening amount of refrigerant mass
moved through the compressor at one time. The
heating capacity is proportional to this mass flow
(45) rate: the less the mass of refrigerant being com-
pressed, the less the thermal load it can transfer
through the heat-pump cycle. The volume flow
rate of refrigerant vapor through the single-speed
rotary compressor used in heat pumps is approxi-
(50) mately constant. But cold refrigerant vapor enter-
ing a compressor is at lower pressure than warmer
vapor. Therefore, the mass of cold refrigerant-
and thus the thermal energy it carries-is less than
if the refrigerant vapor were warmer before com-
(55) pression.
Here, then, lies a genuine drawback of heat
pumps: in extremely cold climates-where the
most heat is needed-heat pumps are least able to
supply enough heat.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) explain the differences in the working of a heat pump when the outdoor temperature changes
(B) contrast the heating and the cooling modes of heat pumps
(C) describe heat pumps, their use, and factors affecting their use
(D) advocate the more widespread use of heat pumps
(E) expose extravagant claims about heat pumps as false

2. The author resolves the question of whether heat pumps run counter to the principle of energy conservation by
(A) carefully qualifying the meaning of that principle
(B) pointing out a factual error in the statement that gives rise to this question
(C) supplying additional relevant facts
(D) denying the relevance of that principle to heat pumps
(E) explaining that heat pumps can cool, as well as heat, room air

3. It can be inferred from the passage that, in the course of a heating season, the heating capacity of a heat pump is greatest when
(A) heating is least essential
(B) electricity rates are lowest
(C) its compressor runs the fastest
(D) outdoor temperatures hold steady
(E) the heating demand surges

4. If the author's assessment of the use of heat pumps(lines 1-6) is correct, which of the following best expresses the lesson that advertisers should learn from this case?
(A) Do not make exaggerated claims about the products you are trying to promote.
(B) Focus your advertising campaign on vague analogies and veiled implications instead of on facts.
(C) Do not use facts in your advertising that willstrain the prospective client's ability to believe.
(D) Do not assume in your advertising that the prospective clients know even the most elementary scientific principles. (E) Concentrate your advertising firmly on financially relevant issues such as price discounts and efficiency of operation.

5. The passage suggests that heat pumps would be used more widely if
(A) they could also be used as air conditioners
(B) they could be moved around to supply heat where it is most needed
(C) their heat output could be thermo-statically controlled
(D) models with truly superior cooling capacity were advertised more effectively
(E) people appreciated the role of the evaporator in the energy equation

6. According to the passage, the role of the flow restriction (lines 16-17) in a heat pump is to
(A) measure accurately the flow rate of the refrigerant mass at that point
(B) compress and heat the refrigerant vapor
(C) bring about the evaporation and cooling of refrigerant
(D) exchange heat between the refrigerant and the air at that point
(E) reverse the direction of refrigerant flow when needed

7. The author regards the notion that heat pumps have a genuine drawback as a
(A) cause for regret
(B) sign of premature defeatism
(C) welcome challenge
(D) case of sloppy thinking
(E) focus for an educational campaign

Analogies 56 - 60

56). EXORBITANT:MODERATION::

(A) dispassionate:equanimity
(B) macabre:interest
(C) perfidious:loyalty
(D) brilliant:gullibility
(E) lavish:extravagance

57). ARTICULATE:MURKY::

(A) credulous:amiable
(B) desiccated:moist
(C) formidable:dark
(D) derelict:neglectful
(E) opaque:milky

58). FERTILIZE:GROW::

(A) immunize:resist
(B) nourish:enrich
(C) heat:burn
(D) graft:multiply
(E) prune:dwarf

59). ENDORSE:CANDIDATE::

(A) sign:affidavit
(B) endure:trial
(C) idolize:celebrity
(D) espouse:idea
(E) devise:plan

60). MARATHON:RACE::

(A) victory:competition
(B) sprint:finish
(C) filibuster:speech
(D) novel:author
(E) deposition:question

Answers --

56). Best ans is C -- X lacks Y
Exhorbitant will lack moderation, and perfidious will lack loyalty.

57). Correct - Ans is B -- Something that is described as X cannot be Y. Something that is "articulate" is "clear" and "distinct," whereas something that is "murky" is "unclear" or "vague." To answer this question, look for an answer choice that contains two words that are antonyms.
The adjective "desiccated" is used to describe something that has "dried up from a lack of moisture," which is the opposite of "moist," so answer choice B is correct.
Someone who is "credulous," or "naive" and "easy to deceive," may or may not be "amiable," or "friendly," so answer choice A is incorrect. Answer choices C, D, and E are incorrect because they each contain two words that are similar in meaning.

58). A is the best choice -- X helps to Y.
As fertilize is to help to grow, so immunize is strength to resist.

59). D is the best choice -- People X a Y that is being considered for something if they support it.
People often "endorse," or "give support to," a "candidate" who is being "considered for" something."Espouse" is a synonym of "endorse"; therefore, answer choice D is correct because people will "espouse" an "idea" that they support. To "endorse" can also mean "to sign," but people "sign" an "affidavit" to "swear" that something is true, so answer choice A is incorrect. To "endure" means "to put up with" or "suffer through," not "support," so answer choice B is incorrect. Although people may "idolize" a "celebrity," a "celebrity" is not a person or cause that is being "considered for" something, so answer choice C is incorrect. People may "devise" a "plan," but to "devise" does not mean to "support," so answer choice E is incorrect.

60). Best ans is C -- X is a longer version of a Y.
A "marathon" is a "long-distance race.A "filibuster" is a "lengthy speech," or a longer version of a "speech." A "victory" is a possible outcome of a "competition," but not a longer version of a "competition," so answer choice A is incorrect. Someone may "sprint" to "finish," but "sprint" is not a type of "finish," so answer choice B is incorrect. A "novel" is a "lengthy narrative," but not a type of "author," so answer choice D is incorrect. A "deposition" includes several questions (plural), but is not a lengthy "question," so answer choice E is incorrect.

Some more confusing GRE Words

Few discussed before at - Deceptive GRE Words post

Misapprehension - mistaken belief...... (Apprehension on GRE means feeling of worry or fear, other meaning for apprehension is understanding which is considered when considering the meaning of misapprehension).

Enervate - weaken; cause someone to feel drained of energy.

Deference - humble respect ..... (Defer means to put something off to a later time; OR humbly give in to....the latter verb form is kept in mind for the meaning of it as noun).

Confound - confuse

Fatuous - silly and pointless..... (adj form of noun fatuity which means foolishness)

Reproach - accuse of; express disapproval of or disappointment with.

Exorcise - drive an evil spirit from a person or place.

Cleave - stick fast to; become strongly involved with; divide or split .... (Cleaver on the other hand is a noun which means a tool with broad blade, used for chopping meat).

Invigoration - give strength.

Decried - publicly declare to be wrong.

Probity - honesty and decency.

Plaintive - sounding sad and mournful.

Complacent - uncritically satified with yourself. e.g - We must not be complacent about our achievements; there is still a lot to be done.

Complaisant - ready to please; obliging.; willing to please others or to accept their behaviour without protest.

Commensurate - corresponding or in proportion.